http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/changing-voices/

go check this link out, its good to look at another view of language change with some good points and developed terms.

language changes because it is learned. it is learned by many generations and with this, language changes depending on the people, spreading them to different regions and different cultures. Mostly, its down to adaptation of the words used and for their needs. The main influential factor of language change is the internet. The world has become a lot smaller due to the internet, we can talk to people on the other side of the world through email or MSN, all them technologies feeded by the internet makes things a lot easier to communicate with others, which then helps people to change their language and converge with others. this is against Prescriptivists as they feel that the standard english is being killed, and more non-standard is being

There are seven main language frameworks:



Lexis- this is the vocabulary of language in general.
The meaning of words.
(was going to be Mourinho writing, but instead i will just show you a better football manager....)

Semantics- this is the study of how meaning is created through words and phrases

spam has changed over time, once it was referred to as a food product now its something on the internet.

Grammar- how words are constructed, can be a system where it groups words into different classes


Phonology- the study of sounds in English


Pragmatics- the influence social environments affect our language choices and formality


Graphology- the appearance of a text


Discourse- the whole text if there is more than 1 sentence

Summary 

times as far back as the Norman Conquest in 1066, English language has developed and changed over time as its had various other languages changing with them and English borrowing language. In particular we take our language from French and Latin, this is deemed a more formal approach to English language, whether our normal day language is more of the other languages we use. words nowadays have been borrowed and 'anglicized' until they have the correct fit and match for our language. the English language has much more foreign roots as well, as French borrowed from Latin, and the English language is more put together with a mixture of content and function, the theory of having a correct, clear language is non-existent.

Transcript Analysis - Annina and Toby

First of all we notice that Toby pronounces his name and his age of 9 years old. He is also foreign and only just learned English. This is the same as his sister Annina, who pronounces her name, however not her age. This is because she doesn’t know how to say it or she isn’t advanced enough to have a longer turn.

Pronouns

The pronoun usage of the pair is very good. Toby uses the 1^st person pronoun of ‘I’. he does this very well and knows what tense to always put them in, such as ‘I like strawberries’. He also uses a 1^st person pronoun of ‘we’ by saying that they both have a dog. He understands the pronoun context very well and when to use it. Annina doesn’t show her understanding of pronouns as much, she shows a good understanding of the word ‘I’ however, the same as Toby as she knows what tense to use it in, such as ‘I have a black dog’.

Declaratives

Due to Toby speaking more, again we notice he says a number of more declaratives. He says ‘we have a god her name is Wendy umm she is three years old’. This is a statement saying they have a dog, however he has continued to create a complex sentence with 2 clauses, and then followed on again by saying she is three years old using the connective ‘umm’ as a filler for his thinking time. This is part of natural speech using fillers. Annina says a declarative as well, for example ‘I have a black dog’. Once again she has said a statement, however she has not elongated like Toby and said anything else. This could be because she is younger than him and even though they are both past the stage in their language of continuing speech, she isn’t as good in another language.

Negatives

Annina doesn’t seem to say a negative. This could be because she isn’t advanced enough in her stages, and isn’t on the post-telegraphic  stage just yet in English. Toby however uses one by saying ‘I eat no meat’. This is a negative and shows how advanced he is in this language; however it is not grammatically correct in his word order. He should say ‘I don’t eat meat. However even though he isn’t at this stage yet he shows signs that he knows what he’s talking about.

They both show good understanding about the language, using syntactically correct sentences such as ‘we have a dog her name is Wendy umm she is three years old’. You will also notice with the girl that she uses repetition she says ‘I have a black dog’ and then her next line is ‘I like my little black dog’ she is at a stage where she can use 2 adjectives such as ‘little’ and ‘black’ to describe the dog. Compared to the boy that is fully advanced, he uses a tripe r type structure saying ‘I love my little brown and red dog’ he’s used 3 adjectives to describe what the dog is. Also the boy knows tenses very well. He says a simple sentence saying ‘I play clarinet’. He’s using a subject and verb in the correct tense which helps us realise what his age is and how far past the post-telegraphic stage he is in language development. However he still needs thinking time, as in his longest turn take, he pauses 15 times, which could be classed as his thinking time as he’s making a list, this shows natural speech patterns.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD4NDBceVD0

this is the link i used for my transcript, go check it out :)

Transcript

Girl: heeeeeeello

Boy:             hello we learn a lot of (.) English at school umm my name is Toby and I am nine years old

Girl: my name is (.) Annina ehh

Boy:                                                  we have a dog (laughs) her name is Wendy umm she is three years old

Girl: ehh

Boy:         umm

Girl:                     I like teddy bears and megdolite (9sings a small jingle)

Boy: (laughs) I like strawberries and (.) uhh (2) umm (.) I like Bruno Mars (in-audible)

Girl:                                                                                                                            delicious

Boy: uhh umm (1) I like the song (.) ss uhh ss the lace song (.) grenade (.) just the way you are (.) marry you (.) ehh (4) talking to the moon (.) uhh stuck (.) any kind of guy (.) boyfriend (2) umm runaway bride (.) worldwide (.) count on you (.) ehh (.) lipstick (10)

Girl: I have a (3) black dog (3)

Boy:                                                 umm

Girl:                                                                        a little black dog

Boy: uhh the weather is beautiful (.) and I play clarinet (.) uhh and I eat no meat (7) uhh I like pizza (8)

Girl: uhh I like my little black dog

Boy: and I love my little brown (.) and red dog (.) uhh (7)

Girl: bye

Boy: bye bye

Girl: bye bye (.) bye

Boy: (whistles)